Background
This is an attempt to consolidate notes in
Downloading Sigmund Freud : 1st August 2024 (from February 2012), see this site /3 Sigmund Freud (Index of Sigmund Freud’s texts)
Lecture XXV The Angst [Die Angst] : 1917 : Sigmund Freud
21st November 1962 Seminar X From the Anguish (De l’angoisse) (1962-1963) : begins 14th November 1962 : Jacques Lacan, see this site /4 Jacques Lacan (19621114)
Notes on 21st November 1956 Seminar IV : 28th February 2017 : Julia Evans. See this site /5 Other Authors A-Z (Evans or Index of Julia Evans’ texts)
This was updated in February 2025 from July 2022.
In addition
There are detailed quotes in Lecture XXV The Angst [Die Angst] : 1917 : Sigmund Freud, see this site /3 Sigmund Freud (19170101)
Related text, See section ‘Links of Seminar X to Freud on ‘Angst (Anxiety)’’ at Seminar X From the Anguish (De l’angoisse) (1962-1963) : from 14th November 1962 : Jacques Lacan, this site /4 Jacques Lacan (19621114)
Background
The mistranslation of Angst as Anxiety appeared before James Strachey’s work. Unfortunately, Strachey entrenched it in all translations of Freud’s use of Angst. This error has informed both Cormac Gallagher’s and Adrian Price’s translation of ‘De l’angoisse’, which Jacques Lacan gives as the title to Seminar X. Anguish is nearer than Anxiety.
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INDEX
Note on Translation July 2022 (Updated February 2025)
Sigmund Freud’s defines Angst, Lecture XXV
The object is essentially the here and now of an alarm signal – Jacques Lacan, 21st November 1956 – 2 translations & from original German
Jacques Lacan’s title for Seminar X – De l’angoisse (Of the Anguish)
Example from Seminar X of Jacques Lacan’s use of both l’angoisse & l’anxiété
Anguish (Anxiety), it’s precisely something which is located elsewhere in our body – Jacques Lacan, La Troisième (The Third), 1st November 1974
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Note on Translation, July 2022
Sigmund Freud uses the term ‘angst’, as in Hemmung, Symptom und Angst : 1926. This has been translated by James Strachey as ‘anxiety’, so Inhibitions, Symptoms & Anxiety. [See Inhibitions, Symptoms & Angst [Angst mistranslated as Anxiety] : 1926d : Sigmund Freud, SE XX p75-175, at this site /3 Sigmund Freud (19260101 or Index of Sigmund Freud’s texts)
Translations from the internet:
Angst: anxiety; fear; fright; panic; terror; stuffiness; oppression; heaviness; sinking feeling
Angst → anxiety, fear, fright, dread, angst
Angst → fear of failure, anxiety, anguish, dread, apprehension, fear, fright, trepidation, alarm
James Strachey’s translation of Angst as Anxiety is misleading & where Sigmund Freud uses Angst, ‘angst is a nearer translation. Thus, Inhibitions, Symptom and Angst : 1926.
Jacques Lacan, who read Sigmund Freud in the original German, translates ‘angst’ from German into French as ‘l’angoisse’. The translation of ‘angoisse’.
According to the on-line translation site www.linguee.fr, anxiety can translate to anxiété or rarer, inquiétude or angoisse or peur or crainte .
However, Angoisse is translated as Anguish, or rarer, Anxiety, Angst, Anguished
Therefore whenever angoisse (French)/angst (German) is translated as anxiety, the corrected translation of anguish/angst will be indicated.
Cormac Gallagher & Adrian Price both translate ‘l’angoisse’ as ‘Anxiety’ in Seminar X. This seems to me to be mistaken. It is almost certain that Seminar X should be called, Of/From The Anguish (De l’angoisse) & the translation of l’angoisse should be changed to ‘anguish’ throughout.
Sigmund Freud defines Angst
A reflection on this distinction from Lecture XXV – Anxiety Angst (1917) : in Part III – General Theory of the Neuroses of Introductory Lectures on Psycho-Analysis: 1915-1917 (Published 1916-1917) : Sigmund Freud, SE XVI, See this site /3 Sigmund Freud (19170101] Quote from p443-444 PFL,
The more the generation of anxiety [angst] is limited to a mere abortive beginning – to a signal [p443 1] – the more will the preparedness for anxiety [angst] transform itself without disturbance into action and the more expedient will be the shape taken by the whole course of events. Accordingly, the preparedness for anxiety [angst] seems to me to be the expedient element in what we call anxiety [angst], and the generation of anxiety [angst] the inexpedient one.
I shall avoid going more closely into the question of whether our linguistic usage means the same thing or something clearly different by ‘Angst [anxiety]’, ‘Furcht [fear]’ and ‘Schreck [fright]’. I will only say that I think ‘Angst’ relates to the state and disregards the object, while ‘Furcht’ draws attention precisely to the object. It seems that ‘Schreck’, on the other hand, does have a special sense; it lays emphasis, that is, on the effect produced by a danger which is not met by any preparedness for anxiety [welche nicht von einer Angstbereitschaft empfangen wird]. We might say, therefore, that a person protects himself from fright by angst (anxiety) [die Angst vor dem Schreck].
A certain ambiguity and indefiniteness in the use of the word ‘Angst’ will not have escaped you. By ‘angst (anxiety)’ we usually understand the subjective state into which we are put by perceiving the ‘generation of angst (anxiety) [»Angstentwicklung«]’ and we call this an affect. And what is an affect in the dynamic sense? It is in any case something highly composite. An affect includes in the first place particular motor innervations or discharges and secondly certain feelings; the latter are of two kinds – perceptions of the motor actions that have occurred and the direct feelings of pleasure and unpleasure which, as we say, give the affect its keynote. But I do not think that with this enumeration we have arrived at the essence of an affect. We seem to see deeper in the case of some affects and to recognize that the core which holds the combination we have described together is the repetition of some particular significant experience. This experience could only be a very early impression of a very general nature, placed in the prehistory not of the individual but of the species. To make myself more intelligible – an affective state would be constructed in the same way as a hysterical attack; and, like it, would be the precipitate of a reminiscence. A hysterical attack may thus be likened to a freshly constructed individual affect, and a normal affect to the expression of a general hysteria which has become a heritage. [p444 1]
Do not suppose that the things I have said to you here about affects are the recognized stock-in-trade of normal psychology. They are on the contrary views that have grown up on the soil of psychoanalysis and are native only to it. What you may gather about affects from psychology – the James-Lange theory, for example – is quite beyond understanding or discussion to us psychoanalysts. But we do not regard our knowledge about affects as very assured either; it is a first attempt at finding our bearings in this obscure region. I will proceed, however. We believe that in the case of the affect of angst (anxiety) [Angstaffekt] we know what the early impression is which it repeats. We believe that it is in the act of birth that there comes about the combination of unpleasurable feelings, impulses of discharge and bodily sensations which has become the prototype of the effects of a mortal danger and has ever since been repeated by us as the state of angst (anxiety) [Angstzustand]. The immense increase of stimulation owing to the interruption of the renovation of the blood (internal respiration) was at the time the cause of the experience of angst (anxiety) [Angsterlebnisses]; the first angst (anxiety) was thus a toxic one. The name ‘Angst – ‘augustiae’, ‘Enge’¹ [p445 1] – emphasizes the characteristic of restriction in breathing which was then present as a consequence of the real situation and is now almost invariably reinstated in the affect. We shall also recognize it as highly relevant that this first state of angst (anxiety) [Angstzustand] arose out of separation from the mother. It is, of course, our conviction that the disposition to repeat the first state of angst (anxiety) [Angstzustandes] has been so thoroughly incorporated into the organism through a countless series of generations that a single individual cannot escape the affect of angst (anxiety) [Angstaffekt] even if, like the legendary Macduff, he ‘was from his mother’s womb untimely ripped’ [p445 2] and has therefore not himself experienced the act of birth. We cannot say what has become the prototype of the state of angst (anxiety) [das Vorbild des Angstzustandes] in the case of creatures other than mammals. And in the same way we do not know either what complex of feelings is in such creatures the equivalent to our angst (anxiety).
P443 Footnote 1, James Strachey states This notion of anxiety serving as a ‘signal’ (which appears again below on p453 PFL) was to play a central part in Freud’s later accounts of anxiety (angst), in ‘Inhibitions, Symptoms and Angst’ (1926d) and in the New Introductory Lectures (1933a) p117f.
P444 Footnote 1, James Strachey states This account of hysterical attacks had been suggested by Freud in a paper on this subject many years earlier (1909a [Dora]). The view of affects in general which is expressed here may possibly be based on Darwin’s explanation of them as relics of actions which originally had a meaning (Darwin, 1872).
P445 Footnote 1, James Strachey states These Latin and German words, meaning ‘narrow place’, ‘straits’, are from the same root as ‘Angst’ (and ‘anxiety’).
P445 Footnote 2, James Strachey states Shakespeare, Macbeth, Act V, Scene7
See also section ‘Links of Seminar X to Freud on ‘Angst (Anxiety)’’ at Seminar X From the Anguish (De l’angoisse) (1962-1963) : from 14th November 1962 : Jacques Lacan, this site /4 Jacques Lacan (19621114)
***
The object is essentially the here and now of an alarm signal – Jacques Lacan 21st November 1956[i] & Sigmund Freud Lecture XXV 1917
p11 of Alma Buholzer, Ganesh Anantharaman (from August 2021), Greg Hynds, Jesse Cohn, Julia Evans, Simon Fisher (from April 2023); EC collectives’ translation, 21st November 1956, at www.LacanianWorksExchange.net :
Freud and all those who have studied phobia, with him and after him, cannot fail to show that there is no direct relationship [rapport] to the “alleged fear” [prétendue peur][35] which would stain this object with its fundamental mark, constituting it as such, as a primitive object. On the contrary, there is a considerable distance from the fear, on which it (object) acts [dont il s’agit] by itself, and which within certain cases may well be, and which in other cases may well also not be, quite a primitive fear [peur], on which it, itself, (the object) acts [dont il s’agit] and the object which, by relationship [rapport] to it (fear), is very essentially constituted in order to keep it (fear) at a distance, to enclose the subject within a certain circle, within a certain stronghold in the interior of which he shelters himself[36] from these fears. The object is essentially the here and now of an alarm signal[37].
Further information on Seminar IV, see this site /4 Jacques Lacan (19561121)
***
[35] “alleged fear” may refer to the following from Sigmund Freud :
Quote from Lecture XXV The Angst 1917 Sigmund Freud, P446 PFL, James Strachey’s translation, see this site /3 Sigmund Freud (19170101)
If we now pass over to consider neurotic angst (anxiety) [neurotischen Angst], what fresh forms and situations are manifested by angst (anxiety) [die Angst bei den Nervösen]? There is much to be described here. In the first place we find a general apprehensiveness [eine allgemeine Ängstlichkeit], a kind of freely floating angst (anxiety) [frei flottierende Angst] which is ready to attach itself to any idea that is in any way suitable, which influences judgement, selects what is to be expected, and lies in wait for any opportunity that will allow it to justify itself. We call this state ‘expectant angst (anxiety)’ or ‘angst (anxious) expectation’ [»Erwartungsangst« oder »ängstliche Erwartung«]. People who are tormented by this kind of angst (anxiety) [die von dieser Art Angst] always foresee the most frightful of all possibilities, interpret every chance event as a premonition of evil and exploit every uncertainty in a bad sense. A tendency to an expectation of evil of this sort is to be found as a character trait in many people whom one cannot otherwise regard as sick; one calls them over-anxious or pessimistic. A striking amount of expectant angst (anxiety) [Maß von Erwartungsangst gehört], however, forms a regular feature of a nervous disorder [nervösen Affektion] to which I have given the name of ‘angst (anxiety) neurosis [» Angstneurose«]’ and which I include among the ‘actual’ neuroses. [p446 1]
A second form of angst (anxiety) [zweite Form der Angst], in contrast to the ones I have just described, is bound psychically [p446 2] and attached particular objects or situations.
P446 Footnote 1, James Strachey states, Cf. Freud’s original account of the Angst (Anxiety) Neurosis (1895b)
P446 Footnote 2, James Strachey states, Instead of being freely floating.
[35] “alleged fear” may refer to the following from Sigmund Freud :
Further quote, P448 PFL, Lecture XXV Die Angst (1917),
The two forms of angst (anxiety) that I have just described – the freely floating expectant anxiety and the sort which is bound to phobias – are independent of each other. One is not a higher stage, as it were, of the other; and they only appear simultaneously in exceptional cases and, so to speak, accidentally. The most powerful general apprehensiveness need not be expressed in phobias; …
***
[36] We might say, therefore, that a person protects himself from fright by angst (anxiety) [die Angst vor dem Schreck]. p443-444 PFL, see above quote, Lecture XXV Anxiety (1917)
***
[37] The object is essentially the here and now of an alarm signal.
Lecture XXV The Angst (1917), P442-443 PFL, translated by James Strachey, see this site /3 Sigmund Freud (19170101) | Translated by EC Collective’s German translator. | GWXXV see www.LacanianWorksExchange.net /Freud |
A Note from the German translator within EC Collective’s translators, October 2024, The difficulty of this passage for me is the absence of Freud’s preference for triadic formulation…. unconscious, preconscious, conscious; or Ich, Es, Ueber Es. Here he seems to have some have a duadic conceptual scheme…** For me a big problem in the text surrounds the term Zweckmäßig. It may signify whether something is purposeful, systematic, scientific, rational, rule-governed……or any combination thereof. Good luck Julia. Here is a new translation of this passage: | ||
Thus one feels tempted to assert that the generation of angst (anxiety) is never an expedient thing. It may perhaps help us to see more clearly if we dissect the situation of angst (anxiety) more carefully. The first thing about it is preparedness for the danger, which manifests itself in increased sensory attention and motor tension. This expectant preparedness can be unhesitatingly recognized as an advantage; indeed, its absence may be made responsible for serious consequences. From it there then proceeds on the one hand motor action - flight in the first instance and at a higher level active defence - and on the other hand what we feel as a state of angst (anxiety). The more the generation of anxiety is limited to a mere abortive beginning - to a signal - the more will the preparedness for anxiety transform itself without disturbance into action and the more expedient will be the shape taken by the whole course of events. Accordingly, the preparedness for anxiety seems to me to be the expedient element in what we call angst (anxiety), and the generation of angst (anxiety) the inexpedient one. [See quote from p443-444 above for the continuation] | Thus one feels tempted to assert that the DEVELOPMENT of ANGST (Angstentwicklung) is never RATIONALLY PURPOSEFUL (Zweckmäßiges). It may perhaps help us to see THIS more clearly if we dissect the situation of ANGST carefully. The first thing about this state is preparedness for danger, which manifests itself in increased sensory attention and motor tension. This expectant preparedness can unhesitatingly be reckoned as an advantage; indeed, its absence may be made responsible for serious consequences. From there it proceeds on the one hand by motor action - flight first and then at the higher stage of active defence - and the other hand what we feel a state of angst (Angstzustand empfinden). The more the generation of angst (Angstentwicklung) is limited to a mere abortive beginning - to a signal - the more preparedness of the angst (Angstbereitschaft) will transform itself without disturbance into action and the more expedient will be the shape taken by the whole course of events. Accordingly, the alert readiness of angst (Angstbereitschaft) seems to me to be the expedient element in what we call angst, and the generation, DEVELOPMENT of ANGST (Angstentwicklung) the LESS PURPOSEFUL (Zweckmäßige) one. | Man fühlt sich also versucht zu behaupten, daß die Angstentwicklung niemals etwas Zweckmäßiges ist. Vielleicht verhilft es zu besserer Einsicht, wenn man sich die Angstsituation sorgfältiger zerlegt. Das erste an ihr ist die Bereitschaft auf die Gefahr, die sich in gesteigerter sensorischer Aufmerksamkeit und motorischer Spannung äußert. Diese Erwartungsbereitschaft ist unbedenklich als vorteilhaft anzuerkennen, ja ihr Wegfall mag für ernste Folgen verantwortlich gemacht werden. Aus ihr geht nun einerseits die motorische Aktion hervor, zunächst Flucht, auf einer höheren Stufe tätige Abwehr, anderseits das, was wir als den Angstzustand empfinden. Je mehr sich die Angstentwicklung auf einen bloßen Ansatz, auf ein Signal einschränkt, desto ungestörter vollzieht sich die Umsetzung der Angstbereitschaft in Aktion, desto zweckmäßiger gestaltet sich der ganze Ablauf. Die Angstbereitschaft scheint mir also das Zweckmäßige, die Angstentwicklung das Zweckwidrige an dem, was wir Angst heißen, zu sein. |
**[JE notes that this seems to refer back to ‘Wo es war, soll Ich werden’ – Lecture XXXI Dissection of the personality : 1932 : Sigmund Freud, SE XXII, Published in New Introductory Lectures on Psycho-Analysis : Sigmund Freud : 1932 (Published 1933). The last paragraph includes “Wo Es war, soll Ich werden” – Where it was I must come to be, Information this site /3 Sigmund Freud (19330101 or 19320616 or Wo Es war; soll Ich warden (/13000000 Quotations from Sigmund Freud))
***
Jacques Lacan’s title for Seminar X – De l’angoisse (Of the Anguish)
14th November 1962
Jacques Lacan’s opening remark on 14th November 1962, is
‘Je vais vous parler cette année de l’angoisse.’ (from the transcription published at www.staferla.free.fr). –
‘I am going to speak to you this year From the Anguish’. (Julia Evans’ translation).
La Troisième (The Third), 1st November 1974 (See full quote below)
C’est ce que manifeste ce phénomène curieux sur quoi j’ai fait un séminaire toute une année et que j’ai dénommé de l’angoisse.
It’s this which demonstrates this curious phenomenon, on which I gave a seminar for a whole year, and which I named From the Anguish [anxiety]. (translated by Yolande Szczech, amended JE)
So Jacques Lacan actually calls this seminar ‘De l’angoisse’ – ‘of/from the anguish’. I will start correcting this on both my sites.
Julia Evans – July 2022
Notes and information,
Seminar X From the Anguish (De l’angoisse) (1962-1963) : from 14th November 1962 : Jacques Lacan, this site /4 Jacques Lacan (19621114)
La Troisième (The Third) : 1st November 1974 (Rome) : Jacques Lacan, see this site /4 Jacques Lacan (19741101 or Index of Jacques Lacan’s texts)
Availability of Seminar X
Published in English :
– Translated by Cormac Gallagher from unedited tapes, see www.LacaninIreland.com /Seminars, as Seminar X, 1962-63, Anxiety -Revised 10-05-2012
– Translated by Adrian Price, Edited by Jacques-Alain Miller, ‘The Seminar, Book X, Anxiety,’ by Jacques Lacan, Polity, Cambridge, 2014.
Published in French :
Official text, edited by Jacques-Alain Miller is Jacques Lacan: Le Séminaire, Livre X, L’Angoisse: Paris, Seuil: June 9, 2004
Transcription, unedited, published at http://staferla.free.fr or http://www.valas.fr/?lang=fr
***
Example from Seminar X of Jacques Lacan’s use of both l’angoisse & l’anxiété
Seminar X 21st November 1962, pII 13-14 of Cormac Gallagher’s translation from recording, unedited, www.LacaninIreland.com /translations | Séminaire X 21 Novembre 1962, P11-12 of unedited, transcription from tape, http://staferla.free.fr |
More, paradoxically, than what we can find in recent, modern developments - let us call things by their name: the nineteenth century - of a psychology which claimed to be, without no doubt being fully entitled to do so, more experimental. | Plus – paradoxalement - que ce que nous pouvons trouver dans les élaborations modernes, récentes, appelons les choses par leur nom : XIXème siècle, d’une psychologie qui s’est prétendue, sans doute pas tout à fait à bon droit, plus expérimentale. |
This again, this path, has the inconvenience of pushing us in the direction, into the category of the classification of affects, and experience proves that too great an abandon in this direction only culminates for us - and even however centrally we may bring it, with respect to our experience, to that part to which a little earlier I gave the trait, the accent of theory * - in obvious impasses a lovely testimony of which for example is given by this article which appears in Tome 34, the third part of 1953 of the International Journal, where Mr David Rapaport** attempts a psychoanalytic theory of affect. * This may be a reference to Sacha Nacht. See What is concealed by the so-called “Cht” and why? : 9th March 2019 : Réginald Blanchet at www.LacanianWorks.org /5 Authors A-Z (Blanchet) **pII 13-14 of Cormac Gallagher’s translation : See On the psychoanalytic theory of affects : Autumn 1953 : David Rapaport at this site /5 Authors A-Z (Rapaport or Index of Authors’ texts) | Encore ceci, cette voie, a-t-elle l’inconvénient de nous pousser dans le sens, dans la catégorie du classement des affects. Et l’expérience nous prouve que tout abandon trop grand dans cette direction n’aboutit pour nous... et même si centralement nous le portions, par rapport à notre expérience, à cette partie sur laquelle tout à l’heure, j’ai mis le trait, l’accent : de la théorie **[15] David Rapaport : On the psychoanalytic theory of affect, International Journal of psychoanalysis, Vol. 34, N°3, 1953. |
This article^^ is really exemplary for the properly dismaying evaluation, at which as a matter of fact it culminates, without the author dreaming of hiding it, he succeeds. | Cet article est véritablement exemplaire par le bilan proprement consternant auquel - d’ailleurs, sans que la plume de l’auteur songe à le dissimuler - il aboutit. |
[namely] the astonishing result that an author who announces by this title an article which after all could not fail to allow us to hope for something new, original, to come out of it as regards what the analyst can think about affect, should finally culminate only in him also, staying strictly within analytic theory, giving a catalogue of the acceptations in which this term has been used, and seeing that within the very theory itself these acceptations are irreducible to one another, the first being that of affect conceived of as constituting substantially the discharge of the drive, the second within the same theory, and, to go even further, supposedly from the Freudian text itself: affect being nothing but the connotation of a tension at its different phases, usually conflictual, affect constituting the [p14] connotation of this tension in so far as it varies, a connotation of the variation of tension, - and a third term equally marked as irreducible in Freudian theory itself: affect constituting in a properly topographical reference the signal at the level of the ego concerning something happening elsewhere, the danger coming from elsewhere. | C’est à savoir : il est étonnant qu’un auteur qui annonce de ce titre un article qui après tout, pourrait nous laisser espérer que quelque chose de nouveau, d’original en sorte, concernant ce que l’analyste peut penser de l’affect, n’aboutit en fin de compte qu’à lui aussi - à l’intérieur strictement de la théorie analytique - faire le catalogue des acceptions dans lesquelles ce terme a été employé, et de s’apercevoir qu’à l’intérieur même de la théorie ces acceptions sont les unes et les autres irréductibles : – la première étant celle de l’affect conçu comme constituant substantiellement la décharge de la pulsion, – la seconde, à l’intérieur de la même théorie, et même pour aller plus loin, prétendument du texte freudien lui-même, l’affect n’étant rien que la connotation d’une tension à ses différentes phases, conflictuelles ordinairement, – et troisième temps, également marqué comme irréductible dans la théorie freudienne elle-même, l’affect constituant, dans une référence proprement topique, le signal au niveau de l’ego, concernant quelque chose qui se passe ailleurs, le danger venu d’ailleurs. |
The important thing is that he notes that there still subsists, in the debates of the most recently emerging authors in analytic discussion, divergent claims about the primacy of each one of these three meanings, so that nothing can be resolved about it. And that the author in question can say no more to us about it, is all the same indeed the sign that here the method described as "cataloguing" cannot here be marked indeed by any profound gain, since it culminates in impasses, even indeed in a very special type of infecundity. | Concernant ce qui peut justifier que subsiste, et encore, dans les débats des auteurs les plus récemment venus dans la discussion analytique, la revendication divergente de la primauté pour chacun de ces trois sens : qu’en sorte que rien la-dessus ne soit résolu, et que l’auteur dont il s’agit ne puisse pas nous en dire plus, est tout de même bien le signe qu’ici la méthode dite du « catalogue » ne saurait ne pas être marquée enfin d’un certain signe profond d’impasse, voire de tout à fait spéciale infécondité. |
There is, differentiating itself from this method... - I apologise for going on so long today about a question which is nevertheless of great interest as a preamble, as regard the timeliness of what we are doing here, and it is not for nothing that I am introducing it, as you will see as regards anguish anxiety [concernant l’angoisse] *** - the method that I would call, using a need for consonance with the preceding term, the method of analogy, which will lead us to discern what one can call levels. | Ιl y a, se différenciant de cette méthode... ...c’est la méthode que j’appellerai, en me servant d’un besoin de consonance avec le précédent terme, la méthode de « l’analogue », qui nous mènerait à discerner ce qu’on peut appeler des « niveaux ». |
I saw in a work which I will not otherwise quote today, an attempted gathering together of this kind, where one sees, in separate chapters, anxiety conceived as it is put - it is an English work - biologically, then socially, sociologically, then as far as I know culturally, culturellement, as if it were enough in this way to reveal, at supposedly independent levels, analogical positions, to succeed in doing anything more than separating out, no longer what I called earlier a classification, but here a sort of type. | J’ai vu, dans un ouvrage que je ne citerai pas autrement aujourd’hui, une tentative de rassemblement de cette espèce, où l’on voit - en chapitres séparés - l’angoisse conçue, comme on s’exprime - c’est un ouvrage anglais - biologiquement, puis sociologiquement, puis que sais-je culturally, culturellement, comme si il suffisait ainsi de révéler, à des niveaux prétendus indépendants, des positions analogiques pour arriver à faire quelque chose d’autre qu’à dégager, non plus ce que j’ai appelé tout à l’heure « un classement », mais ici une sorte de « type ». |
We know what this method culminates in: in what is called an anthropology. Anthropology, to our eyes, is something which, of all the paths to which we might commit ourselves, involves the greatest number of the most hazardous presuppositions. What such a method culminates in, no matter how eclectic it is, is always and necessarily what we, in our familiar vocabulary, and without making of this name or of this title the index of someone who has even occupied such an eminent position, is what we call Jungianism. | On sait à quoi aboutit une telle méthode : à ce qu’on appelle une anthropologie. L’anthropologie, à nos yeux, est ce qui comporte le plus grand nombre de présupposés, et des plus hasardeux, de toutes les voies dans lesquelles nous puissions nous engager. Ce à quoi une telle méthode aboutit - de quelque éclectisme qu’elle se marque - c’est toujours et nécessairement ce que nous, dans notre vocabulaire familier et sans faire de ce nom, ni de ce titre, l’indice de quelqu’un qui aurait même occupé une position si éminente, c’est ce que nous appelons le « jungisme ». |
On the subject of anxiety [Sur le sujet de l’anxiété], ****, this will necessarily lead us to the theme of this central core which is the absolutely necessary thematic at which such a path culminates. This means that it is very far from what is involved in experience. Experience leads us to what I would call here the third way which I would place under the index, under the heading of the function of what I would call that of the key. The key is what opens, and what functions because it opens. | Sur le sujet de l’anxiété****, ceci nous conduira nécessairement au thème de ce noyau central qui est la thématique absolument nécessaire à laquelle aboutit une telle voie. C’est dire qu’elle est fort loin de ce dont il s’agit dans l’expérience. L’expérience nous conduit à ce que j’appellerai ici la troisième voie que je mettrai sous l’indice, sous la rubrique, de la fonction que j’appellerai celle de la clé : – La clé, c’est ce qui ouvre, et ce qui pour ouvrir fonctionne. - La clé, c’est la forme selon laquelle doit opérer, ou ne pas opérer, la fonction signifiante comme telle. |
The key is the form according to which there should operate or not operate the signifying function as such, | |
And what makes it legitimate for me to announce it and to distinguish it and dare to introduce it as something to which we can trust ourselves, is net something which is marked here by presumption, for the reason that I think that it will be for you, and for those here who belong to the teaching profession, a sufficiently convincing reference, it is that this dimension is absolutely connatural to any teaching, analytic or not, for the reason that there is no teaching, I would say - and I would say, for my part, whatever astonishment may result from it among some people as regards what I teach, and nevertheless I will say it - there is no teaching which does not refer itself to what I would call an ideal of simplicity. | Et ce qui rend légitime que je l’annonce et la distingue et ose l’introduire comme quelque chose à quoi nous puissions nous confier, n’a rien qui soit ici marqué de présomption, pour la raison, je pense, qui vous sera - et spécialement à ceux qui sont ici, de profession, des enseignants - une référence suffisamment convaincante, c’est que cette dimension est absolument connaturelle à tout enseignement, analytique ou pas, pour la raison qu’il n’y a pas d’enseignement, dirais-je... et dirais-je, moi - quelque heurt qu’il puisse en résulter auprès de certains concernant ce que j’enseigne, et pourtant je le dirai ...il n’ y a pas d’enseignement qui ne se réfère à ce que j’appellerai « un idéal de simplicité ». From transcription published at p12 www.staferla.free.fr |
^^ The article under discussion is Clinical analysis : 1956 : Maurice Bouvet, see this site /5 Authors A-Z (Bouvet) It is published in the Sacha Nacht collection, La psychanalyse d’aujourd’hui, Work published under the direction of S. Nacht in collaboration with M. Bouvet, R. Diatkine, A. Doumic, J. Favreau, M. Held, S. Lebovici, P.Luquet, P. Luquet-Parat, P. Male, J. Mallet, F. Pasche, M. Renard, Preface by E. Jones
and J. de Ajuriaguerra, G. Bordarracco, M. Bénassy, A. Berge, M. Bonaparte, M. Fain, P. Marty, P.C. Racamier, M. Schlumberger, S. Widerman ; P.U.F ; 1956
** ‘concernant l’angoisse’ in the French transcript, so ‘concerning anguish/angst’
*** ‘Sur le sujet de l’anxiété’, in the French transcript, so ‘On the subject of anxiety’
***
Anguish (Anxiety), it’s precisely something which is located elsewhere in our body
La Troisième (The Third) : 1st November 1974 (Rome) : Jacques Lacan, see this site /4 Jacques Lacan (19741101 or Index of Jacques Lacan’s texts
Quote from P75 of www.Freud2Lacan.com, available https://www.freud2lacan.com/lacan/ /180 La troisième—3 translations, including the official translation
LA TROISIÈME The Stafeterla version from http://staferla.free.fr/Lacan/lacan.htm //La Troisième de Jacques Lacan 1-11- | THE THIRD Translated by Yolande Szczech, ca. 2016 Yolande Szczech :“I am not a French scholar. I was just frustrated at the lack of an English translation of this key text, so I took matters into my own hands. I apologise for any mistakes. This translation is based on Pierre‐Alain Lecat’s transcription of Lacan’s lecture, known henceforth as the Staferla version (Lecat, 2015) but I have also made use of Patrick Valas’ version (Valas, 2015). When I was in doubt about the text, I referred to Valas’ audio recording (Lacan, 1974). Any text placed in square brackets in either language was not spoken by Lacan. Footnotes in French are those of the original transcripts, prefixed by ‘Valas:’ or ‘Staferla:’. I also record any instances where Valas’ text differs (materially) from Staferla’s in the footnotes Footnotes in the English are translations of the French (with the appropriate prefix) as well as (for what it’s worth) my own comments. All the wonderful diagrams are from the Staferla version.” |
C’est quand même du malaise que quelque part Freud note—du “Malaise dans la civilisation” —que procède toute notre expérience. Bon... Ce qu’il y a de frappant, n’est‐ce pas, c’est que le corps, puisque, puisque pour le désigner, le corps c’est celui‐ci, c’est ce rond là, ce rond c’est le réel... Bon, le corps, c’est très frappant que, à ce malaise il contribue, il contribue d’une façon que... dont nous savons très bien l’animer—animer si je puis dire, animer les animaux—de notre peur. De quoi nous avons peur? Ça veut pas simplement dire: à partir de quoi avons‐nous peur? De quoi avons‐nous peur? De notre corps! Ouais... C’est ce que manifeste ce phénomène curieux sur quoi j’ai fait un séminaire toute une année et que j’ai dénommé de l’angoisse. | Anyway, it’s discontent, as Freud remarks somewhere, it’s “Civilisation and its Discontents”** upon which all our experience is based. Good... What’s striking, is it not, is that the body, since to designate it, the body is this here, it’s this ring here, this ring is the real... Good.[168] The body, it’s very striking in that it contributes to this discontent, it contributes in a way that... as we know very well, brings it to life [l’animer], brings it to life so to speak, brings to life the animals [animer les animaux] of our fear. What are we afraid of? That doesn’t simply mean: what is our fear based on? Of what are we afraid? Of our body! It’s this which demonstrates this curious phenomenon, on which I gave a seminar for a whole year, and which I named From the Anguish [anxiety].[169] **Civilization and its Discontents (Das Unbehagen in der Kultur) : 1929 : Sigmund Freud, see this site (19290101 or Index of Sigmund Freud’s texts) [168.] TN: Valas misses out this sentence where Lacan is obviously pointing out something on the board. [169.]TN: Lacan (1962) |
L’angoisse c’est justement quelque chose qui se situe ailleurs dans notre corps, c’est le sentiment qui surgit de ce soupçon qui nous vient, de nous réduire à notre corps. | Anguish [Anxiety], it’s precisely something which is located elsewhere in our body, it’s the feeling that arises as a result of this suspicion that comes to us, of being reduced to our body. |
***
[i] From Notes on 21st November 1956 Seminar IV : 28th February 2017 : Julia Evans. See this site /5 Other Authors A-Z (Evans or Index of Julia Evans’ texts), EC collectives’ translation, 21st November 1957, p11: